Workshop on “Animals, Adab, and Fictivity” convened by Beatrice Gründler and Matthew L. Keegan

The AnonymClassic Project workshop entitled “Animals, Adab, and Fictivity” took place on May 9thand 10th, 2019, convened by Matthew L. Keegan and Beatrice Gruendler. The workshop brought together ten leading scholars of Classical Arabic literature who considered the relationship between fictivity and animals in the Arabic literary tradition.

Beatrice Gründler giving the welcoming remarks, © Nadine Borau
Matthew Keegan giving the introduction to the workshop, © Nadine Borau

There are a number of famous examples of stories in Classical Arabic literature that feature talking animals, Kalīla wa-Dimna being the most prominent example. Kalīla wa-Dimna was translated and adapted into Arabic by Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ in the 8th century AD, but the first surviving manuscript witness is from the 13th century, almost half a millennium later. During that period, Arabic prose writing came into its own as a sophisticated tradition of writing. The copyists responsible for the surviving manuscripts ofKalīla wa-Dimnawere extremely creative in their adaptation and reproduction of the text, such that we refer to them as co-authors. These co-authors were familiar with a broad tradition of writing about talking animals that Kalīla wa-Dimna inspired.

 

Thus, if we want to understand the world in which the copyists of Kalīla wa-Dimna worked and the assumptions they had about how animal stories fit in the world of Arabic discourses, we need to understand this vibrant and diverse tradition of putting animals to imaginative work. The workshop made a significant contribution to this goal.

 

Each paper was given a full hour to allow for the ideas in each paper to be fully developed. Each participant gave an oral presentation, followed by a prepared response by a discussant who had read the paper beforehand and an open discussion. These discussions proved fruitful for making connections between different papers over the course of the workshop.

 

Many workshop participants also attended a series of pre-workshop seminars on specific Arabic texts dealing with animals. These workshops paved the way for meaningful discussions between students and workshop participants about animals in the Arabic literary tradition.

 

The workshop included excellent papers from local participants, as well as guests from abroad, including Geert Jan van Gelder, the Emeritus Laudian Professor of Arabic, who surveyed the genre of very short Arabic animal fables. Francesca Bellino, Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature at the University of Naples, gave a paper on the animal stories of the Sicilian author Ibn Ẓafar. The participation of Jeannie Miller (University of Toronto) and Kevin Blankinship (Brigham Young University) was supported by the Dahlem Junior Host Program. They spoke, respectively, about al-Jahiz’s Book of Animals and al-Ma’arri’s various uses of talking animals across his oeuvre. Ignacio Sánchez (University of Warwick) presented a paper about the animal stories of the Brethren of Purity in which he showed that some animals were ventriloquizing earlier theological positions.

Jan van Gelder, © Nadine Borau

Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows at the Freie Universität also presented papers, including Khouloud Khalfallah, Ali Adnan Sakr, Guy Ron-Gilboa, and Johannes Stephan.

Johannes Stephan preparing his talk, © Nadine Borau
Ali Adnan Sakr presenting a paper on “Avicenna on Fiction, or, Why Kalīla wa-Dimna is Not Poetry”, © Nadine Borau

The workshop showed that the tradition of writing about animals in Arabic was vibrant and diverse. The participants discovered surprising connections between apparently quite different texts, and the format encouraged increasingly sophisticated questions about genre to be posed. The results of the workshop will be published as two special issues in the peer-reviewed Journal of Abbasid Studies.

© Nadine Borau

Mahmoud Kozae and Jan van Ginkel participated in the DH2019 conference in Utrecht

Between 8 and 12 July we participated in the DH2019, a global conference on Digital Humanities (https://dh2019.adho.org/), held at Tivoli in Utrecht (The Netherlands). As representatives of the ERC-Project Kalīla und Dimna – AnonymClassic we contributed to the Workshop „Towards Multilingualism in Digital Humanities” with a presentation entitled, “Towards Usable and FAIR Software for Arabic Textual Scholarship. Lessons from Kalīla and Dimna Research”. The workshop was organized by Martin Lee and Cosima Wagner of the FU-Library. We presented a survey of the history of the text(s) known as Kalīla and Dimna, paying special attention to the Arab versions. Mahmoud also discussed the latest developments of our digital tools and their theoretical background.
The reaction was positive and there were many interesting questions. We acquired new academic contacts, which will lead to further cooperation in the coming years. Martin Lee and Cosima Wagner have already proposed to organize an advanced workshop at the FU next year to develop the theme further. They have invited Kalīla und Dimna – AnonymClassic to contribute to that workshop. We are also considering to organize a more technical workshop at the FU – in cooperation with P. Belouin (MPIWG ) – on the basis of insights and contacts acquired at the conference in Utrecht.
Recap by Mahmoud Kozae and Jan van Ginkel

Matthew Keegan and Johannes Stephan participated in a workshop on Conceptions and Configurations of the Arabic Literary Canon in Paris

Matthew Keegan and Johannes Stephan participated in the international workshop Conceptions and Configurations of the Arabic Literary Canon which took place between June 17 and 19, this year in the Columbia University Global Center of Paris.

A central aspect discussed at the workshop is the overlap of the concepts of canon, literary history, anthological literature and tradition. The question of canonicity is crucial to our project, as Kalīla and Dimna happened to be included and excluded from processes of canonization throughout its long history within the Arabic tradition. A complex process culminating in first critical editions in the early 19th century led to its acquiring the status of a classic within Arabic literature. Moreover, all versions of Kalīla and Dimna carry with it an internal textual history, as they all thematize in their introductory chapters the travelling of texts between different languages and localities, and hence may be seen as an early contribution to an Arabic literary canon.
Recap by Johannes Stephan

AnonymClassic panel at the ISSN annual conference in Pamplona (Spain)

AnonymClassic team members Beatrice Gründler (PI), Matthew Keegan, Johannes Stephan, and Isabel Toral participated in the Annual Conference of the International Society for the Study of Narrative in Pamplona/Spain from May 30 to June 2, 2019, which gathered scholars of narrative studies from different disciplinary angles. Our panel under the title “Before Factuality/Fictionality History and Narrativity in Premodern and Early Modern Arabic Literary Tradition” was chaired by Johannes Stephan.

Our group formed the only Arabist panel. Furthermore, it was among one of the very few that engaged with non-Western and premodern literary traditions. In comparison to many contemporary narratological and rhetorical approaches, our contributions altogether stressed the importance of historicizing fictionality, rethinking it as a literary mode and a pragmatic category beyond European literatures, as well as relating it to the ongoing reformulation of philological activity in the digital age.

Recap by Johannes Stephan