{"id":62,"date":"2016-11-21T23:30:10","date_gmt":"2016-11-21T22:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/?p=62"},"modified":"2016-11-21T23:30:10","modified_gmt":"2016-11-21T22:30:10","slug":"week-6-japanese-migration-to-peru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/2016\/11\/21\/week-6-japanese-migration-to-peru\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 6 – Japanese Migration to Peru"},"content":{"rendered":"

Japanese migration to Peru was part and parcel of the mass migrations of the mid to late 19th<\/sup> Century. As with any other migration during this time, it can\u2019t be taken out of the global context of the time. Global migration to the Americas this time goes far beyond the images of Ellis Island, or the Atlantic crossing; they traverse both Pacific and Atlantic (and Indian in other migrations such as from India to Africa).<\/p>\n

Japanese migration to the Americas is mostly concentrated in the US and Canada in the north and Peru and Brazil in the south. And, as I mentioned above, they are intimately connected and interconnected. As the author mentions, it was when the US began to curtail and try to stop migrations from Asia, as well as the need for cheap manual labour (due to the end of slavery) that Peru became an attractive geography.<\/p>\n

Since Peruvian landowners kept the same prejudices as they did with the Chinese \u201cCoolie\u201d trade between 1849-1874, the reasons for migration, as Takenaka argues were guided by the Japanese government\u2019s expansionist ideas, along with some form of population control (even though this argument does not hold water as the author notes). Yet, its true intentions of industrialization, Westernization, and profiting from remittances ring true of many of the reasons or arguments for contemporary migration today. Not much has changed it seems.<\/p>\n

Another aspect also rings true; a majority of migrants were male. However, unlike Chinese migrants to Latin America, the majority of Japanese migrants practiced endogamy. Part of this, could probably be attributed to the fact that only the eldest son inherited any form of land, while younger brothers, usually had to migrate to urban centres, or other regions to make a livelihood.<\/p>\n

Another aspect that the author touches on is the importance of networks. The study on network migration is still in its infancy, we still need to dive deeper into the strength of such networks. Much of the reason for this lack ofinformation is that migration studies since the 1920s has regarded migration as an individual form of mobility, and just like female migration, network building was also ignored when looking at human mobilities.<\/p>\n

Peruvian farm owners and governments once again looked east as a possible source of migration since, just as it happened before Chinese migration began, the country could not attract enough Europeans to its shores since it could not compete ith Argentina, Brazil, the US, and Canada.<\/p>\n

As with other minority populations, many Japanese became middlemen within different industries around urban centres such as Lima. And just like other minorities that thrived, they became targets because they charged too little, or gave out credit, or simply opened longer than their competitors.<\/p>\n

Japanese communities in Peru had to endure a similar fate to that of Chinese migrants a few years earlier. Legal restrictions preventing further migration (unless you were already in the country) were aimed at keeping a European Peru (whatever that may mean).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

What do you guys think?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Japanese migration to Peru was part and parcel of the mass migrations of the mid to late 19th Century. As with any other migration during this time, it can\u2019t be taken out of the global context of the time. Global migration to the Americas this time goes far beyond the images of Ellis Island, or […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1761,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allgemein"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1761"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62\/revisions\/63"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.fu-berlin.de\/migrationstolatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}