Jutta Matuschek war sowohl als Mitglied des 2. Untersuchungsausschusses zur Aufklärung der Flughafenprivatisierung, sowie auch als Mitglied im Untersuchungsausschuss Flughafen BER quasi von Beginn an mit dem Thema Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg vertraut. Die gebürtige Brandenburgerin sitzt seit 2011 für Die LINKE im Berliner Abgeordneten Haus und saß dem Untersuchungsausschuss zur Aufklärung der Verzögerung und Mehrkosten am Bau des Flughafens 2012 als Opposition bei. Sie selbst sieht die Kernprobleme vor allem in der Struktur und den Eigeninteressen der drei Gesellschafter Bund, Land Berlin und das Land Brandenburg:
Der Bund möchte eigentlich vor allem kein Geld ausgeben und die Knotenpunkte Frankfurt am Main und München schützen. Berlin hofft selbstverständlich auf Wirtschaftseffekte durch den Tourismus und für Brandenburg ist der Flughafen ein Strukturelement in einer eher strukturarmen Region. Gleichzeitig ist für das Land Brandenburg der Lärmschutz essentiell, weil eben die Anwohner*innen direkt betroffen sind. Die drei Gesellschafter gründen eine Gesellschaft und diese hat als GmbH die Flughäfen zu betreiben und vorher zu bauen. Diese Konstruktion ist eigentlich vom Aufsichtsrat zu kontrollieren. Der beschäftigte sich damit allerdings im Detail ja, aber nicht in der Draufsicht. Die ließen sich auch jeden Planungsabschluss vortragen, aber die Struktur haben sie nicht erkannt.
Während sich also der Aufsichtsrat auf die Pflichten der Gesellschafter Versammlung verlassen hat, hat die Gesellschafterversammlung sich auf den Aufsichtsrat verlassen. So kam es zu der Konstruktion „einer großen Verantwortungslosigkeit“.
Frau Matuschek, können Sie uns aus Ihrer persönlichen Sicht drei „lessons learned“/ Verbesserungsvorschläge sagen, die Sie aus dem Projekt mitnehmen?
„Das ist anspruchsvoll. Erstens: Recht und Pflichten der einzelnen Organe einhalten und sich daran halten und sich nicht davor scheuen unterwegs mal die Projektstruktur extern untersuchen zu lassen.
Zweitens: Bevor man baut, sollte man einen Plan haben. Also baubegleitende Planung ernsthaft bei einem Großprojekt, das eine Industriegroßanlage ist, mit technischen Belangen, das ist einfach wichtig.
Und drittens: Wenn denn die Kontrollmechanismen funktionieren, und sagen das Projekt hat die und die Defizite, dann sollte man nicht sich scheuen auch der Bevölkerung, dem Steuerzahler klaren Wein einzuschenken, um nicht so verbissen -wie in diesem Fall- am 3.Juni 2012 festzuhalten, wo alle wussten das geht überhaupt nicht. Das war auch so ein Fehler. Der Termin war gesetzt und alle die vom Bau was Verstanden haben, meinten, um Gottes Willen, wenn das eröffnet wird, platzt das Ding in spätestens zwei Stunden und wir stehen ohne Flughafen da.“
Gleichzeitig sprach Frau Matuschek sich ganz klar dafür aus, dass eine Privatisierung die Probleme, wie es sie beim BER gab, nicht gelöst hätte. Viel mehr wären statt der Strukturprobleme andere aufgetreten. „Eine öffentliche Gesellschaft (…) muss und kann in der Lage sein ein Großprojekt ordentlich zu Ende zu bringen.“
As Soon As you start feeling those pumps within the health
club (and exterior of it), it’s an excellent sign that your Dbol is working appropriately –
and it feels unimaginable. A descriptive examine of opposed
occasions from clenbuterol misuse and abuse for weight
loss and bodybuilding. Circulating testosterone as the hormonal basis of intercourse differences
in athletic efficiency. This is more frequent with Instagram fashions
or individuals frequently appearing on magazine covers.
There is excessive strain on these people to continuously look in excellent situation, so they make the most of Anavar as someone would with testosterone on TRT (testosterone replacement
therapy). We have discovered that valerian root dietary supplements may
be effective for delicate insomnia, reducing the time taken to go
to sleep and the quality of sleep (30, 31).
Well-liked injectable esters like enanthate or cypionate take a quantity
of weeks for blood ranges to construct up, and then present a gradual tapered decline.
The most evident good factor about injectable steroids is
the whole bypass of the liver when administered intramuscularly.
As A Outcome Of injectables avoid the GI system completely, they
place no stress on the liver. With fast-acting oral agents like Anadrol or
Dianabol, you can actually feel them „kick in“ inside a few hours when it comes to
elevated power, motivation, power, and pumps.
Testosterone, Deca Durabolin, Trenbolone, Primobolan, Equipoise and more.
There are numerous injectable steroids to choose from, permitting better cycle
personalization.
When planning a steroid cycle, one of many necessary choices is whether to use oral or injectable
compounds. So when using this steroid in a cycle on its own, you often won’t see
any important unwanted effects. Testosterone suppression isn’t excessive, and ranges recuperate and
normalize inside a quantity of weeks (for most users).
So, users construct muscle while shedding weight, however it also
has highly effective lipolytic properties,
making Anavar a professional fats burner. If you already suffer from hypertension, it is strongly advised that you don’t use this steroid, or any other steroids are recognized to increase blood stress,
without first seeking out medical recommendation.
We, therefore, can’t condone the utilization of anabolic steroids with a
clear conscience, nor will we recommend their use.
In our experience, Turinabol is a milder steroid when it comes
to unwanted facet effects, presenting less
toxicity to the liver and coronary heart than Winstrol.
Feminine athletes eager to avoid masculinization shall be safer
taking Turinabol than most other AAS, as girls frequently took Turinabol during the 60s and
80s. Winstrol is not female-friendly, in contrast
to Anavar, with the former being the offender for lots of circumstances
of virilization at our clinic. If you need to avoid masculinization,
Anavar is a higher choice for girls. The only exception could be if females
took very small doses of Winstrol and utilized short cycles, in which case women are likely to retain their
femininity.
Most Anadrol tablets come in 50mg dosages, making it convenient to eat
the optimal dosage of Anadrol, which is either 50mg or 100mg daily.
Studies have shown you could hit peak gains with a dosage
of around 100mg day by day, with features falling after
this quantity whereas unwanted facet effects increase16.
This helps you achieve weight faster because you need to eat more12.
When operating steroid cycles, always build your training/exercise program round your cycle and your goals.
Pushing heavy weight could also be simpler during a bulking cycle when extra
energy are being consumed.
Your Dianabol dosage will rely upon lots of things, together
with if it’s your first time utilizing it and what
other steroids you propose to stack it with. Many guys find that 10-20mg day by day is enough to gain exceptional gains in strength and wonderful outcomes, whereas others will increase the dose to 50mg.
The decrease you possibly can keep your DBOL dosage while
getting great results, the much less severe unwanted effects you’ll have to cope with.
No steroid is considered safe to use for performance enhancement, and
the dangers to your well being are well-known. With Dianabol, the dangers are at the serious finish, as they relate to your liver, ldl cholesterol, and total heart
well being. These dangers are decreased by limiting a Dianabol cycle to six weeks Anapolon and Muscle Density Increase
avoiding excessive doses beyond 50mg per day.
Extended use of Dianabol and utilizing it at excessive doses puts you vulnerable to
long-term side effects and doubtlessly permanent harm to your well being.
Apart From its unwanted side effects, its use may result in underestimation of CVD
threat when utilizing risk algorithms which are guided by HDL-cholesterol levels.
Pink yeast rice extract accommodates monacolin K (lovastatin), which explains its efficacy
in lowering LDL-cholesterol (144). Whereas its use is in all probability going secure (145), commercial
purple yeast rice supplements can range significantly in their lovastatin content (146).
Berberine also reduces LDL-cholesterol, although this discovering is usually supported by trials of poor methodological quality
(147). There are worries concerning the high quality and safety of
anabolic steroids that are bought on the black market, with falsified,
substandard and counterfeit anabolic steroids not being uncommon. In common, the long-term
effects of performance-enhancing drugs haven’t been studied sufficient.
But with suppression of your natural testosterone production, you can anticipate to see some predictable unwanted effects.
The liver toxicity of most oral steroids makes cycles longer
than 6-8 weeks a foul idea. Dianabol, additionally known as Dbol,
is perhaps the most popular anabolic steroid available on the market right now.
It is cheap and may be taken orally, within the form of tablets and drugs.
If you’re wholesome and are determined to go ahead
with Winstrol, the first cause cycles must be limited to not more than eight weeks is due to these liver toxicity risks.
Not solely that, however you want to wait at least two months after a Winstrol cycle before using any other
C17-aa steroid; this enables your liver time to return to regular operate to keep away from everlasting
damage. Nolvadex PCT is considered a great PCT selection for
extra gentle steroid cycles. It helps restore your natural hormone exercise and comes with minimal danger of side effects.
As with all oral steroids, the poisonous effects on the liver make
it unsuitable and potentially harmful to take for longer than eight weeks.
It’s not just the liver you should fear about with an extended Winstrol cycle.
The other cause not to exceed an 8-week cycle is Winstrol’s impact on ldl cholesterol.
There are some „common“ unwanted effects that the majority steroid users will cope with sooner or later,
and to some stage of severity starting from delicate to extreme.
By far, the most crucial and concerning side impact for men utilizing steroids is the finest way the introduction of artificial hormones into the
body slows down or usually shuts down, the conventional functioning that produces testosterone.
As Quickly As the steroids are stopped, the physique is no
longer receiving the synthetic hormones, and the person is left in a state of very low or
even no testosterone. It’s important to be aware that it’s not regular for blood to
seem when you’re injecting steroids into the muscle. If there’s
any blood when you insert the needle, you hit a vein or
artery somewhat than just muscle tissue. The needle then should be
removed, and no resolution should be injected; as
a substitute, begin again and discover a new muscle spot that doesn’t draw any blood.
One of the downsides to testosterone suspension, aside
from the usual side effects of testosterone, is that it requires a bigger needle for the
injection. This is as a outcome of the suspension just isn’t micronized and is thus more vulnerable
to clogging syringes as a outcome of bigger crystals. Superdrol can be used for chopping,
as it doesn’t aromatize, growing muscle hardness.
Proviron (Mesterolone) is an oral steroid that may produce a dry physique with
distinguished vascularity. Consequently, a bodybuilder will seem more muscular as tone will increase and waist size noticeably decreases.
The same dose is used to begin with when bulking
but you’ll be able to double this in case you have expertise with Trenbolone.
Nevertheless it’s doubtless to give you headaches, melancholy,
increased irritability, sexual problems and even fluid retention. It has additionally been linked with an increased danger of diabetes and cancerous tumors.
This is actually an injectable protein which is commonly used by
medical doctors to treat adults and children with muscle restore
or progress points. This injectable steroid will assist you to to
work out for longer and more durable; rising the rate at which you
construct muscle.
By splitting up the doses, customers will receive a gentle
dose that may stay continuously peaked of their bloodstream.
Thus, a dose of two x 2.5 mg per day is a cautious yet
efficient protocol, in our expertise. Winstrol is a powerful steroid for constructing muscle in ladies,
so small doses are nonetheless efficient. Bill’s experience and
experience (plus our anecdotal findings) recommend that Anadrol may very well be probably the greatest
steroids for ladies, as 5 mg of Anavar is a tiny dose.
Moreover, SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) is a detrimental hormone to girls when elevated, due to it
liberating up extra active testosterone. Anadrol, nevertheless, doesn’t bind
successfully to SHBG receptors, and thus ranges do not rise
significantly. If Primobolan is tolerated well during the first 4 weeks, doses of seventy five mg per day
could also be utilized for the following 2 weeks.
Steroids considerably enhance muscle hypertrophy by way of
stimulation of mTOR pathways, elevated myonuclear addition, and
elevated IGF-1 ranges. This biochemical exercise results in greater energy, quicker recovery,
and accelerated muscle growth. Usa federal legislation enforcement officers
have expressed concern about AAS use by law enforcement officials.
Thus, when the body senses low ranges of estrogen, the precursor compounds 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone are up-regulated.
Likewise, interfering with a hormone’s receptor results in similar results.
When taken as prescribed, steroids have a threat of delicate short-term unwanted effects.
Intramuscular injection is a popular selection due to its efficient absorption charges.
Nonetheless, this doesn’t imply Subcutaneous (Sub Q)
administration isn’t efficient. It’s important
to keep in mind that if your body can’t absorb the whole
dose, even lacking just 10-20% can impact the power of the compound and the effectiveness of the dose.
So, the administration method you select can have a substantial impact on the
overall power and effectiveness of the steroid.
Aspect effects to anticipate with this steroid include testosterone suppression, delicate negative impact on cholesterol, and relatively low danger of androgenic effects
in men like hair loss and pimples. Equipoise has a low
stage of estrogenic exercise, so these unwanted facet effects
must be straightforward to manage. Still, they’ll embody water
retention and gynecomastia, notably when the steroid is used at larger
doses. Women can use Equipoise at low doses with a low threat of virilization results.
If you’re going to run an EQ cycle, check out my full Equipoise (Boldenone) cycle guide.
Specifically, scientists may pinpoint several varieties of metabolites to observe – sulfate conjugates somewhat than the beforehand used glucuronide
metabolites. There can be lots of misunderstanding about how drug
testing for steroids and performance-enhancing drugs
works. Many assume it’s a simple matter
of supplying a urine (or blood) pattern, having the sample despatched to
a lab, and being put by way of a machine that magically detects every substance.
You could not know that this lab is acknowledged by the World Health Group due to its adherence
to research-based manufacturing strategies. Usually, the constructive results of anabolic steroids are unequalled by natural
supplements. HGH isn’t an anabolic steroid, although it mimics several
of steroids’ properties, corresponding to fats loss, muscle hypertrophy, strength, and endurance.
Thus, SARMs may only produce a portion of the outcomes of anabolic steroids, but with doubtlessly related
harsh unwanted facet effects.
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On interview, he reported that his notion was that when utilizing these medication, he sometimes „mouthed off,“ „joked,“
or „kidded round,“ whereas others perceived him as hostile – leading to suspensions, transfers to less fascinating positions,
or outright termination of employment. We consider harm minimization wouldn’t only scale back opposed effects of AAS but additionally function a
bridge to cessation. For example, many men using AAS are comparatively young and have no prior health issues.
A medical evaluation revealing hypertension, dyslipidemia, and
LVH could serve to have such a affected person reconsider additional use and think about cessation.
After Anadrole injection technique, an oil depot varieties contained in the muscle
tissue and spreads alongside the muscle fibers – seemingly
squeezed between them – forming an elongated shape (3).
The rate at which this occurs strongly is decided by the carboxylic acid
group that is attached onto the father or mother molecule
at carbon 17 of the steroid nucleus. This attachment –
esterification of the 17β-hydroxyl group – tremendously retards the discharge of the compound from
the oil depot by rising its partition coefficient, i.e.,
making it more lipophilic and less hydrophilic. As Quickly As the esterified
steroid molecule reaches the systemic circulation, either via direct diffusion or lymphatic drainage of the interstitial fluid, esterases cleave off
the ester group, releasing the mother or father compound
(7). Sure, should you take prescription anabolic steroids beneath
the supervision of your healthcare provider for a medical
cause, anabolic steroids are usually safe. The BALCO scandal additionally unveiled the apply of designing
new AAS drugs by making delicate modifications in the chemical structure to avoid detection by regulatory drug screening (Joseph & Parr, 2015; Parr, Flenker, &
Schanzer, 2010). Of concern, designer AAS manufacturing continues, with
many purposefully marketed under the guise of dietary dietary supplements to bypass U.S.
Anabolic steroids are used medically in people to treat a wide selection of conditions, including anemia, breast most cancers, hypogonadism, quick stature,
malnutrition, osteoporosis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) losing syndrome.
The medicine are additionally used in veterinary drugs (e.g.,
to help recovery from hunger or injury). Some examples of anabolic steroids are nandrolone,
oxandrolone, oxymetholone, stanozolol, and trenbolone acetate.
After administration, numerous body elements and muscle tissue of the rats can be analyzed (such because the levator
ani, seminal vesicles, and ventral prostate).
1000’s of males experience symptoms of low testosterone, in any
other case often known as low T, every year. The natural penalties of this hormone disruption aren’t at
all times brazenly discussed—but they should be.
Low sex drive, muscle loss, and diminished vitality are only a few of the experiences which are widespread
to men who have low T, and these uncomfortable symptoms may
be simply and safely handled by way of testosterone substitute
therapy (TRT).
Additionally, some research suggests that train would possibly lead to a minor increase in PSA levels (89), although resistance exercise in particular has not been researched.
The total scientific results, nevertheless, are crystal clear
– initially the muscle-building impact pursued by AAS customers.
Extra recent well-designed trials continued to provide additional
assist for the potent muscle-building effects of AAS that had already been recognized
by athletes for many years (15, 22, 35–38). Characterization of the purchase course of (Table 3) revealed that a prescription was not
required for the acquisition of any agent from any of the
evaluated websites. In fact, one web site (anabolics-supplementary.com) provided a „prescription“ with the order to reinforce
customs compliance. Simulating the buying course of demonstrated that 75% of sites accepted normal methods of on-line payment including
bank cards or PayPal.
Males and boys with muscle dysmorphia (a type of body dysmorphic disorder)
see themselves as not muscular sufficient and might abuse steroids in a bid to repair this perceived flaw.
We don’t know precisely how many individuals abuse steroids, but it’s estimated that round one to five per cent
of the population will do it of their lifetime. Steroid abuse is the use of steroids for efficiency or image-enhancing reasons like bettering athletic capability
and building muscle. If the affected person plans a steroid cycle within the close to future,
checking blood is most likely not useful because the ranges shall
be disrupted shortly afterwards. It isn’t a surprise that gaining muscle mass and energy are
an important motives to begin out AAS. There has been a fourfold enhance in the number of English language tutorial papers published between 1995 and 2015 [59].
They have also been used to treat aplastic anemia and bone marrow failure of several causes.
Nonetheless, the C-17α alkylated androgenic steroids have all been implicated in cases
of liver harm, together with extended cholestasis, peliosis hepatis, nodular regeneration, hepatic adenomas and hepatocellular carcinoma.
In contrast, the C-17β esterified testosterones have solely hardly ever been implicated in inflicting cholestasis, although
their long run use might enhance the danger of hepatic tumors
and nodular transformation, but seemingly at a much lower rate than the 17α alkylated
testosterones.
Typically, the shorter the ester chain, the shorter the drug’s half-life and
quicker the drug enters the circulation. Longer/larger
esters often have a longer half-life and are released into the circulation extra slowly.
Nearly since their inception, testosterone and anabolic-androgenic analogues
have been used and abused by individuals looking for to reinforce their anabolic and androgenic potential.
By doing so, these individuals goal to spice up their bodily efficiency in athletic endeavors or improve their physique.
One Other life-threatening, albeit uncommon, adverse impact that’s seen in the liver
and sometimes within the spleen is peliosis hepatitis,
which is characterised by the looks of blood-filled, cystic constructions.
These cysts, which can rupture and bleed profusely, have been present in sufferers with near-normal liver operate
check (LFT) values, as properly as in individuals who’re
in liver failure. Testosterone is the precept hormone in people that produces male
secondary intercourse characteristics (androgenic) and is a vital hormone
in sustaining adequate nitrogen balance, thus aiding
in tissue therapeutic and the upkeep of muscle mass (anabolic).
Testosterone has a twin motion and may be described in phrases of its androgenic and anabolic capacities.
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Sermorelin and ipamorelin are two of the most popular growth hormone
releasing peptides used today for their ability to stimulate natural
production of growth hormone in a safe and targeted manner.
Both agents have similar goals – to boost levels of endogenous
growth hormone, improve body composition, enhance recovery, and support healthy aging –
but they differ markedly in structure, potency, duration of
action, side-effect profile, and clinical use.
Understanding these differences is essential for anyone considering a
peptide stack that includes both agents or choosing between them.
Ipamorelin vs Sermorelin: Decoding the Differences in Peptide Therapies
The first point of distinction lies in their molecular design. Sermorelin is an 8-mer peptide derived from growth hormone releasing
hormone (GHRH) and mimics its natural activity at the GHRH receptor located on pituitary somatotroph cells.
Ipamorelin, on the other hand, belongs to a class of growth
hormone secretagogues that act on the ghrelin receptor; it
is a 5-mer peptide engineered for high affinity and selectivity toward this receptor.
Because they target different receptors, their pharmacodynamics differ substantially.
Sermorelin’s mechanism results in a gradual rise in growth hormone with a
peak typically reached about 30 to 60 minutes after subcutaneous injection. The
effect lasts roughly two hours dianabol before and after photos hormone levels
return to baseline. Ipamorelin produces a faster and more pronounced spike
that peaks within 20 to 30 minutes, but its action is also short-lived,
usually lasting less than an hour. This rapid onset can be advantageous for post-workout recovery when a swift surge in growth hormone is desired.
The second difference concerns potency. Ipamorelin is highly potent at the ghrelin receptor
and can elicit significant growth hormone release even at low doses
(0.5 to 2 mg per injection). Sermorelin, while effective, requires slightly higher doses (1 to 3 mg) to achieve comparable levels of hormone stimulation. Consequently, ipamorelin may be preferable for individuals who need a strong but brief stimulus, whereas sermorelin is well suited for
sustained, moderate increases over a longer period.
Ipamorelin vs Sermorelin Comparison
Clinical studies reveal that both peptides can improve lean body mass and reduce fat mass when combined with exercise.
However, ipamorelin’s more robust growth hormone surge often translates into faster gains in muscle protein synthesis, particularly during the early weeks of
training. Sermorelin tends to produce steadier improvements over time,
making it an attractive option for long-term maintenance therapy.
Side-effect profiles also differ. Because ipamorelin acts on ghrelin receptors,
patients may experience mild increases in appetite and a
slight rise in blood glucose levels. These effects are
usually transient and well tolerated. Sermorelin’s activity at the GHRH receptor generally produces
fewer metabolic side effects, but some users report temporary injection site discomfort or flushing.
Another practical consideration is cost and availability. Ipamorelin is typically more
expensive per milligram than sermorelin, reflecting its higher potency and specialized
synthesis. Additionally, ipamorelin can be used as a single agent for
both nightly growth hormone support and pre-workout stimulation, whereas sermorelin is often paired
with other peptides such as CJC-1295 or GHRP-2 to enhance overall efficacy.
Key Takeaways
Sermorelin targets the GHRH receptor and provides a moderate, sustained release of growth hormone over several hours.
Ipamorelin binds the ghrelin receptor, producing a rapid
and powerful surge that peaks within 30 minutes but declines quickly.
Ipamorelin is more potent, requiring lower doses to achieve similar hormonal effects, while sermorelin may be preferred for long-term, gentle stimulation.
The side-effect profile of ipamorelin includes increased
appetite and slight glucose changes; sermorelin has a milder metabolic impact but can cause injection site irritation.
Cost differences favor sermorelin for budget-conscious users, whereas
ipamorelin offers superior potency for those seeking rapid gains
or post-exercise recovery.
In summary, choosing between or combining these peptides depends on the specific goals of therapy—whether one prioritizes sustained hormone levels, rapid
post-workout spikes, cost considerations, or a particular side-effect tolerance.
A well-designed stack that balances both agents can harness their
complementary strengths for optimal growth hormone
support.
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