Disaster Research Unit (Katastrophenforschungsstelle); Cordula Dittmer
Original German version published December 7, 2022
Translated version published July 30, 2024
In 1984, Lars Clausen and Wolf R- Dombrowsky, pioneers of German Catastrophe-Sociology and founders of the Disaster Research Center (Katastrophenforschungstelle) at Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, described the concept of warning systems:
“In negative terms, a warning system is a technical apparatus, which, even in perfect functionality, is meaningless as a “bare warning”. A warning without reference to understandably dangerous natural hazards and related reactions of those warned, is not able to exist. Without these considerations, the communication measures are simply a “forecast” of scientific patterns. Warnings must be more, they should specifically foster social behaviors that aim to prevent the predicted event, ie the disaster, not to happen. One can only speak of a socially functional warning system if all related matters are discussed, a wide range of anticipated dangers are defined, technical consideration are considered and public reactions are addressed.” (translated from the original)
While public debates over the aspects of a successful warning- such as those observed in the last few days- often focus on the possibilities and limits of the use of operationalized technical tools, the Disaster Research Unit (KFS in German) instead aims its attention at the social preconditions for communication. The basic assumption is that warning should not be understood as a linear transfer of information whose success is primarily dependent on the technical transfer of information from sender to receiver. Instead, communication is to be understood as a complex social process that has various preconditions on different levels. The specific warning address, that is operationalized as a warning in acute situations, is interconnected with previous (disaster) communication, as well as, the experiences, expectations, situational patterns, etc. of a heterogenous, constantly changing population. As a result, any specific warning results in diverse receptions and interpretations. To fully understand the preconditions of a successful warning, it is essential that these social factors be considered.
At the DRU and the Akademie der Katastrophenforschungsstelle (AKFS), we are involved in various trans- and interdisciplinary projects that address topics of communication in general and warnings specifically. As such, we are led by the assumption that warnings can’t be successful without proper consideration of socio-cultural, economic, historic, and political (ie examining society as a whole).
Continue reading “The DRU on the national Warning on the 08.12.2022”